Gateway migration guide

Learn how to migrate a federated supergraph using the @apollo/gateway library to the Apollo Router and gain significant performance improvements while making zero changes to your subgraphs.

What's different?

Whereas @apollo/gateway is an npm package, the Apollo Router is packaged as a static, standalone binary.

The Apollo Router exposes the most common critical features via declarative configuration. You customize the router with a YAML configuration file that takes effect at startup. Configurations can be modified and take effect without restart if you either start the router with the --hot-reload flag or set the APOLLO_ROUTER_HOT_RELOAD environment variable to true.

Although you can download the Apollo Router source and use it as a library in a larger project, you may not need to because the features that were implemented by custom code with @apollo/gateway may be standard, supported features of the router.

Take inventory of your gateway configuration

The @apollo/gateway library is an extension to the Apollo Server library, and you need to consider your existing configuration of both gateway and server libraries when moving to the Apollo Router. For example, you might need to consider your customizations for the HTTP headers your subgraphs receive from client requests, or for passing specific headers back to the client from specific subgraphs.

Because the Apollo Router uses an entirely different configuration mechanism, you should make a checklist of your gateway's custom behaviors to make sure those behaviors all remain when your migration is complete.

Start by looking for configuration and customizations in these places:

• Environment variables
• Non-Apollo telemetry and instrumentation (e.g., OpenTelemetry or Datadog)
• Constructor options passed to new ApolloGateway({ ... })
• Constructor options passed to new ApolloServer({ ... })
• Specific plugins passed to new ApolloServer({ plugins: [ ... ] })
• Custom middleware (e.g., Express, Koa, Fastify)

The sections below provide more details on what to look for in each of these categories.

Environment variables

Many Apollo tools use environment variables prefixed with APOLLO_ to set certain values, such as an API key for communicating with Apollo Studio.

Make sure to note any environment variables you set in your existing gateway's environment, especially those prefixed with APOLLO_

The Apollo Router supports the following environment variables used by @apollo/gateway:

• APOLLO_KEY
• APOLLO_GRAPH_REF

The Apollo Router renames the following environment variables used by @apollo/gateway:

• APOLLO_SCHEMA_CONFIG_DELIVERY_ENDPOINT → APOLLO_UPLINK_ENDPOINTS
  • This argument supports providing a comma-separated list of URLs.

ApolloGateway constructor options

The number of options you currently provide to your ApolloGateway constructor varies depending on whether you're using managed federation. If you are using managed federation, you might even be providing zero options to this constructor!

supergraphSdl

The supergraphSdl option is used in non-managed federation to provide a composed supergraph schema via a file or other string. Usually, that schema is composed using the Rover CLI.

You can achieve this option's effect with the Apollo Router in one of the following ways:

• Move to managed federation with your move to the Apollo Router.

• Provide the --supergraph command-line argument to the Apollo Router on startup:

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  ./router --supergraph supergraph-schema.graphql

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  The router watches this schema file and hot-reloads it whenever it changes.

serviceList / IntrospectAndCompose

If you provide one of these constructor options, your gateway performs its own supergraph schema composition on startup. The Apollo Router does not support this in-process composition.

Instead, you need to perform composition using managed federation or the Rover CLI. With either of these methods, the Apollo Router can hot-reload its supergraph schema without restarting, and you avoid the possibility of a composition failure that results in downtime.

buildService

The buildService function enables you to customize the HTTP requests that the gateway sends to your subgraphs.

Common use cases include:

• Overriding subgraph URLs at runtime
  • In the Apollo Router, you can use the override_subgraph_urls option.
• Propagating headers to subgraphs via RemoteGraphQLDataSource
  • In the Apollo Router, you can use the headers option.

logger

The logger constructor option enables you to specify a different logger for messages that are produced by the ApolloGateway. By default, it inherits from the logger used by your ApolloServer instance. This option is also useful for changing logging verbosity.

In the Apollo Router, logging is JSON-structured in production environments by default, and you can adjust the verbosity. More advanced logging can be enabled through the use of plugins.

For more information, see Logging in the Apollo Router.

ApolloServer constructor options

The ApolloServer constructor supports a large variety of options, but for the purposes of moving to the Apollo Router, we'll focus on the following:

• context
• plugins

For the full list of options, see ApolloServer options. If you're using other options, additional steps might be necessary to replicate the same behavior. Please open a discussion on our GitHub repository so we can understand your needs and help you with a solution.

context

This constructor option is an object that enables you to propagate information across the request lifecycle. Use cases include:

• Authentication information
• Header propagation

The Apollo Router provides similar functionality.

plugins

This constructor option is an array of built-in or custom plugins that extend Apollo Server's functionality. If you provide plugins to your ApolloServer instance, take note of each plugin's functionality and add it to your migration checklist.

Before you attempt to replicate a plugin's functionality via an Apollo Router customization, check whether any router configuration options provide that same functionality. For example, the router supports options for propagating HTTP headers to subgraphs and enabling OpenTelemetry instrumentation.

If one of your @apollo/gateway plugins does require a corresponding router customization, we encourage you to describe your use case in the Router repo's GitHub discussions. It might represent core functionality that the Apollo Router should provide out of the box, and we can help discuss the design.

For less common use cases, we also want to help build an ecosystem of shared customizations for the Apollo Router, enabling teams to more quickly add the functionality they need before native support is available.

Supported customizations

The Apollo Router currently supports two types of customizations that hook into the request-handling pipeline:

• Rhai scripts
  • Rhai is a scripting language designed for use with Rust applications.
• External coprocessing

Examples for each are provided in their respective documentation, and in the Router repo.

Kubernetes deployment

For migrating to the Apollo Router deployed on Kubernetes, see some tips for configuring your router deployment.

Reporting migration issues

If you encounter a migration issue that isn't resolved by this article, please search for existing GitHub discussions and start a new discussion if you don't find what you're looking for.